The external phase was added in a drop wise manner under vortex mixing. Preparation and characterization of oilinwater and water. Microemulsions are potential drug carrier systems for various. Waterinoil reverse micelle microemulsion and oilinwater normal micelle microemulsion systems can be obtained by adjusting the polarnonpolar proportions.
Definition and history one of the best definitions of microemulsions is from danielsson and lindman 1 a microemulsion is a system of water, oil and an amphiphile which is a single optically isotropic and thermodynamically stable liquid solution. Design and characterization of microemulsion systems for naproxen. Microemulsion transdermal formulation for simultaneous. However, the situation of petroleum industries in many countries needs much concern in improving the oil recovery technique. Sep 24, 2014 the trend of growing interest in alternative source of energy focuses on renewable products worldwide.
This is an excellent way to create highly stabilised lots of surfactant shell. Advantages of microemulsion over other dosage forms. In chapter 1 a short introduction about the background, various aspects and applications. Advantages of microemulsion over coarse emulsion include its ease of preparation due to spontaneous formation, thermodynamic stability. Preparation, optimization and characterization of microemulsions 170 titrated with the continuous phase. The composition of the different formulated microemulsion batches a1a3 is shown in table 2. Prospective and challenges of microemulsion as a novel. Shah college of pharmaceutical education and research dhansura road college campus modasa, dist. Microemulsions with new and standard type surfactants one of the targets in microemulsion formulation. Lecithinlinker microemulsion based gels for drug delivery xiao yue xuan master of applied science department of chemical engineering and applied chemistry university of toronto 2011 abstract microemulsions have gained interest from the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to co. In single phase, with oil, water and surfactant homogenously mixed. The two states are separated by an activation energy d g. Schematic diagram of the free energy of microemulsion and nanoemulsion systems compared to the phase separated state. A detailed historical background of microemulsions can be found elsewhere 25.
The effect of surfactant type on microemulsion area is shown in figure 1 and indicates that the best surfactant to produce microemulsion is in the following rank order. This technique has been advocated as the best method for predicting microemulsion stability. Characterization of microemulsions prepared using isopropyl. The majority of microemulsions use oil and water as immiscible liquid pairs. Nov 21, 2014 the microemulsion definition provided by danielson and lindman in 1981 will be used as the point of reference.
Preparation of nano and microemulsions using phase. Accelerated stability study of the developed microemulsion was carried out for 6 months. Three components are the basic requirement to form a microemulsion. The present invention provides a storage stable microemulsion formulation for modified lecithin as well as other materials. Terminology, differences, and similarities article pdf available in soft matter 86. One of the direct advantages of microemulsionbased. Microemulsions employed in the form of oraldelivered drugs can come with a selfemulsifying ability. Pdf uses and applications of microemulsions researchgate. Optimization, development and evaluation of microemulsion. Microemulsion is defined as microemulsion are clear, transparent, thermodynamically stable dispersions of oil and water, stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant.
Feb 07, 20 naproxen is poorly water solubility and it is possible to increase its solubility by utilizing microemulsion systems. Demonstrating methods for overcoming stability issues in paints, wax dispersions, cosmetics, food products, and other industrial applications, this reference probes theoretical and practical issues surrounding microemulsion science and technology. The objective of the study was to optimize the proportion of different components for formulating oil in water microemulsion formulation meant for simultaneous transdermal delivery of two poorly soluble antihypertensive drugs. This book provides an assessment of some issues influencing the characteristics and performance of the microemulsions, as well as their main types of applications. The medium chain triglycerides mct and retinyl palmitate mixture 1. Nanoemulsions are then prepared by ultrasonication. Chemical method, especially microemulsion flooding, plays an important role in enhanced oil recovery technique due to its ability to reduce interfacial. Many advantages of gels a major limitation is in the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Formulation and characterization of microemulsion based gel. The droplet size distribution of microemulsion vesicles can be determined by either light scattering technique or electron microscopy. Microemulsion is a nanoparticle synthesis technique in which two immiscible fluids such as water in oil wo, oil in water ow or water in supercritical carbon dioxide wsc co2 are thermodynamically stabilized with the aid of a surfactant. For viscosity determination of microemulsionbased hydrogel, 175 g of microemulsionbased hydrogel was filled in a 250 ml beaker and the viscosity was measured by using spindle number lv4. The microemulsion system thus, shows a structural change from oil continuous system to water continuous, which has higher viscosities than the former 34. Formulation and characterization of microemulsion based.
In this context, salager and coworkers 37 have proposed the use of socalled extended surfactants to improve solubilization of water and oil, specially of triglycerides and long chain alkanes. The most promising surfactants are those which provide thermally phase stable microemulsions. The trend of growing interest in alternative source of energy focuses on renewable products worldwide. Formulation and characterization of microemulsion system. Microemulsions practical surfactants science prof steven. Microemulsion is a kind of thermodynamically stable isotropic liquids including oil, water and surfactant. The aim of the present study was to design novel ow microemulsion of glimepiride and to study its. Effect of surfactant type on formation of microemulsions. The phase behaviour and nano and microemulsion formation of the ternary mixtures prepared were characterised by visual observation for their phase separation and optical clarity e. Naproxen is poorly water solubility and it is possible to increase its solubility by utilizing microemulsion systems. The most widely used class of enzymes in microemulsionbased reactions is of lipases 57. Chemical method, especially microemulsion flooding, plays an important role in enhanced oil recovery technique due to its ability to reduce interfacial tension between. Design and formulation of optimized microemulsions for dermal. Rese rees joul o pmolog toologl stues introduction perspective drug delivery systems can be defined as mechanisms to introduce therapeutic agents into the body.
Interfacial tension, measurement, effect of surfactant on oil. Microemulsion formulations have distinct advantages over macroemulsion systems when delivered parenterally because of the fine particle microemulsion is cleared more slowly than the coarse particle emulsion and, therefore, have a longer residence time in the body. Oilinwater mes were formulated using surfactant s peg8 capryliccapric glycerides and cosurfactant cos polyglyceryl6isostearate. The microemulsion definition provided by danielson and lindman in 1981 will be used as the point of reference.
Drug solubilization capacity of the microemulsion system was determined. For modified lecithin, the microemulsion contains at least one metal chelate complex, at least one surfactant such as an anionic surfactant, modified lecithin, water, and optionally at least one alcohol. Surfactant associates emulsions and microemulsions. Simultaneous presenceof two microemulsion phases, one in contact with water and the other in contact with oil is also possible. Hoar and schulman stimulated the interest of researchers in microemulsions in 1943 when they found that the addition of. Microemulsions may be defined as oil dispersed in water or water dispersed in oil. Micelles, microemulsions, liquid crystals, and the. Microemulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process where transport of monomers, free radicals and other species such as chain transfer agent, cosurfactant and inhibitors between the aqueous and organic phases, takes place. Glimepiride loaded microemulsion using labrafil m 1944 cs, cremophor rh 40, transcutol p as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively, was prepared and characterized. Microemulsions have a lower free energy than the phase separated state, whereas nanoemulsions have a higher free energy. Microemulsions are defined as clear or slightly turbid systems of lipophilic and hydrophilic. Both ow and wo microemulsion are used for parenteral delivery. The objective of this study was to formulate optimal formulations of microemulsions mes and evaluate their feasibility for delivery of resveratrol into human skin ex vivo.
The resultant microemulsion is studied by observing the physical appearance of the formulation as a function of time and temperature usually upon standing at 30c for 30 minutes. Initially the ph meter was calibrated with suitable calibration solution of ph 4. Microemulsions an introduction to properties and applications. Design and characterization of microemulsion systems for. Formulation and evaluation of microemulsionbased hydrogel. A potential novel drug delivery system jaspreet kaur saini 1, ujjwal nautiyal 1, senthil kumar m 1, devendra singh 2, firoz anwar 3 1department of pharmaceutics, himachal institute of pharmacy, paonta sahib, himachal pradesh, india. Formulation and evaluation of microemulsion based topical hydrogel containing lornoxicam biswajit biswal1, nabin karna 1, jyotiranjan nayak2, vivek joshi 1dept. Topical microemulsion based gel drug administration is a localized drug delivery system anywhere in the body through ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal and skin as topical routes. The samples were also analysed for their particle size and size distribution, viscosity, conductivity and birefringence. During the past five decades since the discovery of microemulsions by jack h.
As nouns the difference between emulsion and microemulsion is that emulsion is a stable suspension of small droplets of one liquid in another with which it is immiscible while microemulsion is a stable emulsion that is clear because the individual droplets of the dispersed phase are less than 100 nanometers in diameter. Basic aspects of microemulsion microemulsion are fluid, transparent, thermodynamically stable oil and water system and stabilized by a surfactant usually in conjunction with cosurfactant. Surface response methodology of boxbehnken design was utilized to evaluate the effect of two oils captex 500 x1 and capmul mcm x2 and surfactant. In the most microemulsion phases, the surfactant is highly soluble in both liquid phases. Preparation of nano and microemulsions using phase inversion. Preparation and characterization of oilinwater and waterin. Properties and applications of microemulsions matyjaszewski. Disadvantages associated with microemulsion method are these. Take a wo microemulsion of, say, barium chloride and mix it with a wo microemulsion of, say, sodium sulfate, the two react to create nanoparticles of insoluble baso4. For viscosity determination of microemulsion based hydrogel, 175 g of microemulsion based hydrogel was filled in a 250 ml beaker and the viscosity was measured by using spindle number lv4. The microemulsion region is usually characterized by constructing ternaryphase diagrams. The microemulsion system is turning to be more viscous with addition of water and thus may help in the slow diffusing of drug at infinite dilution. Micelles, microemulsions, liquid crystals, and the structure.
Abstract nanoemulsion ne is defined as an ow or wo emulsion producing a transparent product that has a droplet size from 20200nm and does not have the tendency to coalesce. Design and formulation of optimized microemulsions for. The process was optimized for the speed and time of stirring using ng microemulsion and results tabulated in table 5. The ph was determined by bringing the electrode in contact with the formulations allowing it to equilibrate for a minute. Chewing leaves and roots of medical plants and inhalation of soot from the burning of medical substances are examples of drug delivery from the earliest times. If a cosurfactant is used, it may sometimes be represented at a fixed. Soni, rekha mishra institute of pharmacy, bundelkhand university, jhansi, india. A microemulsion forming systems is shown in figure 1. For other materials, the microemulsion contains all above plus one. These are called selfmicroemulsifying drug delivery systems smeddss. Interfacial tension, measurement, effect of surfactant on. A platform for improving dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug surjyanarayan mandal and snigdha.
Microemulsion can be defined as a system of water, oil and an amphiphile which is a single optically isotropic and thermodynamically stable liquid solution 1. How to prepare and stabilize very small nanoemulsions. Isbn 9789535102472, pdf isbn 9789535149712, published 20120316. Training, consulting and research in colloid and surface science for applications such as personal care product formulation, soil and groundwater remediation, wastewater cleanup, adsorption, emulsions, microemulsions and solubilizations. Microemulsions microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, optically transparent, isotropic dispersions of aqueous and hydrocarbon liquids stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant molecules microemulsions show diverse structural organizations due to wide range of surfactant concentrations, wateroil ratios, temperature etc. Formulation and evaluation of microemulsion based topical.
The rapidly increasing number of applications for microemulsions has kept this relatively old topic still at the top point of research themes. The microemulsion systems of polyoxyethylene10oleyl etheroilwater have been studied. This may be considered as an extension of w insors classification form ing the fifth category. Microemulsion is a transparent thermodynamically stable isotropic dispersion of two immiscible liquids such as a nonpolar liquid oil and a polar liquid aqueous stabilized by a surfactant malheiro et al. Microemulsion me formulation how to develop a microemulsion me formulation microemulsion are, by definition, optically clear dispersion of one physically incompatible liquid into another.
Oil and water are immiscible and they separate into two phases when mixed, each saturated with traces of the other component capek, 1999. Design and development of hydrogel based microemulsion of. Formulation and characterization of microemulsion based gel of antifungal drug patel rahul r. Formulation of hydrogel thickened microemulsion carbopol 934p, hpmc k15m and xanthan gum was hydrated in fixed amount of water for at least 4 h and then.
Record the volumes of water v belonging to the emulsion, gel and. Theories of microemulsion formation 19 complex film formation at interface due to cosurf. Lecithinlinker microemulsionbased gels for drug delivery xiao yue xuan master of applied science department of chemical engineering and applied chemistry university of toronto 2011 abstract microemulsions have gained interest from the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to co. Microemulsion, advantages, novel drug delivery system, application. Enzymatic catalysis in microemulsions has been used for a variety of reactions, such as synthesis of esters, peptides and sugar acetals transesterification.